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The future perfect is a verb form or construction used to describe an event that is expected or planned to happen before a time of reference in the future, such as ''will have finished'' in the English sentence "I will have finished by tomorrow." It is a grammatical combination of the future tense, or other marking of future time, and the perfect, a grammatical aspect that views an event as prior and completed. == English == In English, the future perfect construction consists of the auxiliary verb ''will'' (or ''shall''; see ''shall'' and ''will'') to mark the future, the auxiliary verb ''have'' to mark the perfect, and the past participle of the main verb (the second component of the English perfect construction). For example: * She will have fallen asleep by the time we get home. * I shall have gone by then. * Will you have finished when I get back? The first auxiliary may be contracted to ''ll'': see English auxiliaries and contractions. The negative form is made with ''will not'' or ''shall not''; these have their own contractions ''won't'' and ''shan't''. Some examples: *Ill have made the dinner by 6. * He won't have done (''or'' will not have done) it by this evening. * Won't you have finished by Thursday? (''or'' Will you not have finished by Thursday?) Most commonly the future perfect is used with a time marker that indicates ''by when'' (i.e. prior to what point in time) the event is to occur, as in the previous examples. However it is also possible for it to be accompanied by a marker of the retrospective time of occurrence, as in "I will have done it on the previous Tuesday". This is in contrast to the present perfect, which is not normally used with a marker of past time: one would not say *"I have done it last Tuesday", since the inclusion of the past time marker ''last Tuesday'' would entail the use of the simple past rather than the present perfect. The English future perfect places the action relative only to the absolute future reference point, without specifying the location in time relative to the present. In most cases the action will be in the future relative to the present, but this is not necessarily the case: for example, "If it rains tomorrow, we will have worked in vain yesterday."〔Comrie, Bernard. 1985. ''Tense''. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, p. 73.〕 The future perfect construction with ''will'' (like other constructions with that auxiliary) is sometimes used to refer to a confidently assumed present situation rather than a future situation, as in "He will have woken up by now." The time of perspective of the English future perfect can be shifted from the present to the past by replacing ''will'' with its past tense form ''would'', thus effectively creating a "past of the future of the past" construction in which the indicated event or situation occurs before a time that occurs after the past time of perspective: ''In 1982, I knew that by 1986 I would have already gone to prison''. This construction is identical to the English conditional perfect construction. An obsolete term found in old grammars for the English future perfect is the "second future tense."〔Comly, John. 1811. ''A new spelling book, adapted to the different classes of pupils''. Philadelphia: Kimber and Conrad.〕〔Murray, Lindley. 1827. ''An abridgment of L. Murray's English grammar''. Boston: James Loring.〕 For more information, see the sections on the future perfect and future perfect progressive in the article on uses of English verb forms. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Future perfect」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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